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Table 1 Comparison of Gammex/UTHSCSA Mark 1 phantom, Gammex/UTHSCSA Mark 2 phantom and UTHSCSA multimodality tumor measurement phantom

From: Preclinical multimodality phantom design for quality assurance of tumor size measurement

 

Gammex/UTHSCSA Mark 1 phantom

Gammex/UTHSCSA Mark 2 phantom

UTHSCSA Multimodality tumor measurement phantom

Size (cm 3 )

16.8 × 7.8 × 4.0

12.0 × 4.3 × 5.0

11.5 × 3.8 × 2.4

Weight (g)

537.00

308.49

101.02

Material

Gammex TM materials

Gammex TM materials

Water-based TM materials

Components

   

Image Caliper

Stainless steel wires at 2 mm vertical intervals and 3 mm horizontal intervals

N/A

N/A

Volume

Two low contrast spheres with volumes 179.59 and 523.59 mm3

Five low contrast spheres with volumes 4.2 to 1436.8 mm3

Five low contrast spheres with volumes 4.2 to 1436.8 mm3

Diameter

Low contrast cylinders (5 to 10 mm by 0.5 mm intervals)

Five low contrast spheres (2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 mm)

Five low contrast spheres (2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 mm)

Diameter Depth Dependence

2 mm-cylinders from 2 to 15 mm depth

N/A

N/A

Problems

   

Size

Too large to fit into bore of preclinical CT and MR scanners.

Too large to fit into bore of some preclinical MR units.

Adequate.

CT contrast

Poor.

Poor due to lack of contrast agent in TM materials.

Adequate.

Artifact in US

Reverberation artifacts due to the surface membrane material chosen for phantom.

Distortion of spheres was evident because the lateral resolution was significant in areas far from focal length.

Slight reverberation artifacts were observed.