From: Preclinical multimodality phantom design for quality assurance of tumor size measurement
Gammex/UTHSCSA Mark 1 phantom | Gammex/UTHSCSA Mark 2 phantom | UTHSCSA Multimodality tumor measurement phantom | |
---|---|---|---|
Size (cm 3 ) | 16.8 × 7.8 × 4.0 | 12.0 × 4.3 × 5.0 | 11.5 × 3.8 × 2.4 |
Weight (g) | 537.00 | 308.49 | 101.02 |
Material | Gammex TM materials | Gammex TM materials | Water-based TM materials |
Components | |||
Image Caliper | Stainless steel wires at 2 mm vertical intervals and 3 mm horizontal intervals | N/A | N/A |
Volume | Two low contrast spheres with volumes 179.59 and 523.59 mm3 | Five low contrast spheres with volumes 4.2 to 1436.8 mm3 | Five low contrast spheres with volumes 4.2 to 1436.8 mm3 |
Diameter | Low contrast cylinders (5 to 10 mm by 0.5 mm intervals) | Five low contrast spheres (2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 mm) | Five low contrast spheres (2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 mm) |
Diameter Depth Dependence | 2 mm-cylinders from 2 to 15 mm depth | N/A | N/A |
Problems | |||
Size | Too large to fit into bore of preclinical CT and MR scanners. | Too large to fit into bore of some preclinical MR units. | Adequate. |
CT contrast | Poor. | Poor due to lack of contrast agent in TM materials. | Adequate. |
Artifact in US | Reverberation artifacts due to the surface membrane material chosen for phantom. | Distortion of spheres was evident because the lateral resolution was significant in areas far from focal length. | Slight reverberation artifacts were observed. |